vineatrol
Vineatrol is a plant polyphenol. A polyphenol is a substance that protects the young plant from bacteria such as fungus or mould. Vineatrol is obtained from the young grapevine shoots and immature leaves. The presence of the fungus is sufficient to cause the vine to produce vineatrol within itself.

Health Properties: Vineatrol may be useful in Heart Disease, Alzheimer's, Cancer, Leukemia and Epilepsy. It may also promote longevity in general. Vineatrol has similar properties to resveratrol but the former is stronger. While vineatrol is obtained from the young vine shoots and leaves, resveratrol is found in the skins of the grape and in red wine (as well as eucalyptus, spruce, blueberries, mulberries, peanuts and giant knotweed).

The greater effectiveness of vineatrol is due to its trans-resveratrol molecular form. There is a greater abundance of the "trans" form compared to the other forms of resveratrol in vineatrol.

Benefits of Vineatrol (trans-resveratrol):

  • anti-oxidant; resveratrol inhibits lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein and prevents the cytotoxicity of oxidized LDL;
  • anti-inflammatory;
  • anti-platelet activity;
  • dilates the vascular system through eNOS stimulation;
  • anti-Amyloidbeta effects; resveratrol promotes Amyloidbeta peptide degradation via a mechanism that involves the proteasome;
  • lowers LDL ("bad cholesterol");
  • anti-proliferation of some cancer cells;
  • induces apoptosis (suicide) in some cancer cells; vineatrol will interrupt cancer in some cell lines at all three stages (initiation, replication and metastasis);
  • Affects COX-1, lipoxygenase, transcription factor NF-kB, cytochrome P450, isoenzyme CYP1A1.
NB The data above is mainly from laboratory tests. Large clinical trials with humans are still pending. The two molecular forms are however in customary use, therefore considered safe, in red wine and in health supplements.

Scientific Data of Vineatrol

  • Molecular weight: 228;
  • Formula: C14H12O3;
  • Other Names: Trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene; 3,4',5-stilbenetriol;
  • Forms: Trans-resveratrol, Cis-resveratrol, Viniferin (dimer);
  • Other Interesting Forms: the methoxy- form is mentioned in relation to potent and selective apoptosis of cancer cell lines and to the potentiation of its anti-amyloid activity;
  • Metabolites: -glucuronate; -sulfonate

Research on Life Expectancy: Recent studies of the effect of resveratrol, and therefore vineatrol, on yeast and fish showed that it could extend the life of the organism by the following amounts:

  • Yeast: 70%;
  • Northobranchius furzeri (type of fish): 59%;
  • Humans: ?

Natural Sources of Vineatrol

Some areas in the world have a natural advantage in regard to wine-grape and vineatrol production. France speaks of the "terroir" or local climate, geographical-niche, human cultivation customs and planting patterns for the right ambience of fungus and grape. California and Australia, by contrast, tend to have hot dry summers and spraying regimes that eradicate the fungus, though the latter variable could change in the future. The aim of the vigneron is to allow the fungus to enter the vineyard but without ravaging the crop.

Detailed studies of resveratrol production have shown that:

  • the vine which consistently produces the most resveratrol is Pinot Noir, no matter what the region. This fact puts most Pinot Noir regions of the world on a par.
  • it is the cool climate areas where non-Pinot-Noir grapes produce the most resveratrol: Bourdeaux, Ontario in Canada, and the Yarra Valley in Australia. New areas are queing up to get on this list including rural New York, the south island of New Zealand and Tasmania. Latitude 44 degrees, north or south, may be the general indicator, but local climates and niches will hold sway.
  • the wine-making practice which is essential is maceration of the skins and seeds in the fermentation.

Key Points for Consideration:

  • Vineatrol is more plentiful in the vineshoots and young vine leaves, being measured in milligrams rather than the micrograms found in the grapeskins and the wine itself. It is also more abundant in the vine-shoots compared to the mature leaves.
  • Vineatrol has the potential to greatly increase the economic value of a country's wine industry. The young shoots are as valuable as the grape. The young vine-shoots will be collected and processed, turning them into a medicinal and neutraceutical form.
vineatrol
vineatrol / trans-resveratrol
field
the field of young leaves
vine-shoots
young vine-shoots - note the purple coloring

Vineatrol: Quotations from Recent Studies

Abstract 1: Vineatrol/Resveratrol and Leukemia.
"Trans-resveratrol, its dimer epsilon-viniferin and two preparations of vineatrol (a grape-derived polyphenol fraction isolated from vine-shots extracts) were compared for their effects on the proliferation and survival of normal and leukemic human lymphocytes ... The different polyphenols displayed anti-proliferative effect on the leukemic cells ... Vineatrol 10% was the most potent... The same order of potency was observed for their capacity to induce apoptosis in leukemic B cells... Our data therefore indicate that vine-shoots may be a convenient and natural source of material for the purification of resveratrol and other polyphenolic compounds of putative therapeutic interest."
Source: Comparative antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of resveratrol, epsilon-viniferin and vine-shots derived polyphenols (vineatrols) on chronic B lymphocytic leukemia cells and normal human lymphocytes. Leuk Lymphoma. 2002 Oct;43(10):1991-2002.
Authors: Billard C, Izard JC, Roman V, Kern C, Mathiot C, Mentz F, Kolb JP. U365 INSERM, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.
Abstract 2: Vineatrol and Epilepsy.
"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an antioxidant vineatrol against kainic acid-induced seizures. ... when the drug was administrated 5 min prior and repeated at 30 and 90 min after kainic acid there was significant reduction in incidence of convulsions. ... The study suggests the potential use of vineatrol in status epilepticus."
Source: Protective effect of vineatrol against kainic acid induced seizures, oxidative stress and on the expression of heat shock proteins in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006 Feb;16(2):85-91.
Authors: Gupta YK, Briyal S. Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
Abstract 3: Resveratrol and Coronary Heart Disease.
"BACKGROUND: It has been shown that acute intake of red wine improves endothelial-dependent vasodilatation. It is not clear, however, which constituents of red wine are responsible for this effect. We examined whether acute intake of a red grape polyphenol extract has a positive effect on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation... RESULTS: Intake of the red grape polyphenol extract caused an increase in flow-mediated dilatation, ... CONCLUSION: Polyphenolic compounds from red grapes acutely improve endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease."
Source: Polyphenolic compounds from red grapes acutely improve endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2005 Dec;12(6):596-600.
Authors: Lekakis J, Rallidis LS, Andreadou I, Vamvakou G, Kazantzoglou G, Magiatis P, Skaltsounis AL, Kremastinos DT. Second Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital, Attikon, Greece.
Abstract 4: Trans-resveratrol and Alzheimers Disease.
"... Here we show that resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a naturally occurring polyphenol mainly found in grapes and red wine, markedly lowers the levels of secreted and intracellular amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides ... These findings demonstrate a proteasome-dependent anti-amyloidogenic activity of resveratrol and suggest that this natural compound has a therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease."
Source: Resveratrol promotes clearance of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides. J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 14;
Authors: Marambaud P, Zhao H, Davies P. The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, North Shore-LIJ Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030.

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This website acknowledges Pubmed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) as source for medical research abstracts.

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